What You Need to Know About Functional Mushroom Active Compounds and Beta Glucans

Functional mushrooms are having a real moment right now, and for good reason. Revered by ancient civilizations for their health benefits, we’re finally uncovering the science behind these fungi and how they impact our well-being. Whether you're looking to boost your brain function, support your gut or immune system, there’s a mushroom for every need. But what exactly makes these mushrooms so special?

The answer lies in their many active compounds—and the most well known are beta-glucans. In this blog post, we’ll dive into what beta-glucans are, why they matter, and what else you should know about functional mushroom extracts, powders, and their bioavailability.

Table of Contents

1. What Are Beta-Glucans?
2. Different Types of Beta-Glucans (and Why They Matter)
3. Fruiting Body vs. Mycelium: Know the Difference
4. How to Read Mushroom Supplement Labels: Beta-Glucans vs. Polysaccharides
5. Extracts vs. Powders: What’s More Effective?
6. Concentrated Extracts: What 8:1 and 1:1 Mean
7. The Mujo Difference: Potent, Bioavailable, and Dual-Extracted Mushrooms

1. What Are Beta-Glucans?

Beta-glucans are a type of polysaccharide-complex carbohydrates made of glucose molecules that are linked together. These compounds are found in various natural sources, including oats, barley, yeast, seaweed, and, of course, mushrooms. Beta-glucans play a crucial role in supporting the immune system by modulating its activity and boosting its defenses against pathogens.

When it comes to functional mushrooms, beta-glucans are the primary compounds responsible for their immune-boosting effects. They help stimulate the immune response, improve gut health, and provide anti-inflammatory benefits.

2. Different Types of Beta-Glucans (and Why They Matter)

Not all beta-glucans are the same. The specific types of beta-glucans you’ll want to make sure your mushroom coffee or supplement contains are called (1,3)(1,6) beta-glucans, which are most commonly found in the fruiting body of mushrooms. The fruition body is the part of the mushroom that grows above the ground, as opposed to mycelium, which is the root system of a mushroom. More on this below.

Other sources of beta-glucans, like those found in grains, offer different effects and don't interact with the immune system in the same way. That's why it's essential to focus on the (1,3)(1,6) beta-glucans and supplements / mushroom coffees made from the fruiting body when selecting mushroom-based supplements.

3. Fruiting Body vs. Mycelium: Know the Difference

One of the biggest distinctions in the mushroom industry is between fruiting body and mycelium. The fruiting body is the visible part of the mushroom—the cap and stem that grow above ground. This is where the majority of beneficial compounds like beta-glucans are found. In contrast, the mycelium is the root system of the mushroom, growing underground, often on a substrate like grains, oats, or sawdust.

While mycelium does have some bioactive properties, its chemical composition is different from the fruiting body. Many companies use mycelium biomass and market it as mushroom extract, but this is factually inaccurate. Additionally, mycelium biomass often contains residual starch from the substrate it was grown on, which dilutes the potency of the supplement.

4. How to Read Mushroom Supplement Labels: Beta-Glucans vs. Polysaccharides

When shopping for mushroom supplements, look for products that clearly state the beta-glucan content. Unfortunately, many companies list polysaccharides instead. While beta-glucans are a type of polysaccharide, not all polysaccharides are (1,3)(1,6) beta-glucans or offer the same benefits. A high polysaccharide content could simply mean the product contains non-beneficial compounds, such as starch or other fillers from mycelium biomass.

Always prioritize beta-glucans over polysaccharides when assessing a mushroom supplement’s efficacy.

5. Extracts vs. Powders: What’s More Effective?

There’s an ongoing debate about which form of mushroom supplements - extracts or powders - are more effective. Mushroom powders are made by drying and grinding the mushroom, but this doesn’t always mean the beneficial compounds are readily absorbable. Certain mushrooms, like Reishi and Chaga, have active compounds that are locked inside their tough cell walls, making them less bioavailable in powdered form.

Extracts, on the other hand, involve boiling the mushrooms in either water, alcohol, or both to break down these cell walls and release the active compounds. This makes extracts more potent and bioavailable than powders.

6. Concentrated Extracts: What 8:1 and 1:1 Mean

When you see terms like 8:1 or 1:1 on mushroom supplement labels, these refer to the concentration of the extract. For example, an 8:1 extract means that 8 parts of raw mushrooms were used to produce 1 part of the extract, making it highly concentrated. On the other hand, a 1:1 extract means that 1 part of mushrooms equals 1 part of extract, and it often includes the original mushroom material used.

These ratios are important because they give you a sense of how potent a supplement is. While higher concentrations might offer stronger effects, higher extraction doesn’t always mean it’s a better product. Ratios above 10:1 may bring to question the efficiency of the extraction. You want to ensure the extract contains as much of the beneficial compounds, including beta-glucans, triterpenes, and antioxidants, as possible.

7. The Mujo Difference: Potent, Bioavailable, and Dual-Extracted Mushrooms

At Mujo, we’re committed to delivering the most potent and bioavailable mushroom extracts possible. We use a dual-extraction process (water and alcohol) to ensure you’re getting the full spectrum of beneficial compounds. While alcohol extraction may slightly lower beta-glucan levels, it allows us to access other non-water-soluble compounds, like triterpenes in Reishi and betulinic acid in Chaga, which offer additional anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting benefits.

Our extracts are concentrated and carefully sourced from the fruiting bodies of mushrooms grown in organic, pristine, wild-mimicking environments, ensuring the highest quality and potency. Each serving of Mujo contains 2.25 grams of beneficial mushrooms, an equivalent of 11 grams of mushroom due to using extracts, with a high concentration of beta-(1,3)(1,6)-glucans, and other actives like triterpenes, cordycepins, betulinic acid, providing long-lasting energy, focus, and immune support.

Conclusion

Functional mushrooms are more than just a health trend - they are a time-tested way to support your body’s natural systems. When choosing a mushroom supplement, it’s important to prioritize the correct form of beta-glucan content, look for fruiting body extracts, and be aware of the form and concentration of the product. At Mujo, we take pride in offering only the highest-quality, dual-extracted functional mushrooms that are both bioavailable and effective. Whether you’re seeking cognitive support, immune enhancement, or overall vitality, mushrooms are an incredible source of these benefits to add to your routine. And we might be biased, but we think our Vitality Brew is the best way to get your ideal mushroom serving in. Try it out and feel the difference.